Which option represents a parenteral route?

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Multiple Choice

Which option represents a parenteral route?

Explanation:
Parenteral administration means delivering a drug by a route that bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. Intravenous injection is the classic parenteral route because it puts the drug directly into the bloodstream, giving immediate systemic effect and essentially 100% bioavailability with no absorption step or first-pass metabolism. By contrast, oral dosing must pass through the gut and liver, which introduces absorption variability and first-pass effects. Topical and inhalation are non-oral routes as well, but the term parenteral is most closely associated with injections, especially IV, in standard pharmacology contexts.

Parenteral administration means delivering a drug by a route that bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. Intravenous injection is the classic parenteral route because it puts the drug directly into the bloodstream, giving immediate systemic effect and essentially 100% bioavailability with no absorption step or first-pass metabolism. By contrast, oral dosing must pass through the gut and liver, which introduces absorption variability and first-pass effects. Topical and inhalation are non-oral routes as well, but the term parenteral is most closely associated with injections, especially IV, in standard pharmacology contexts.

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