Parenteral administration excludes which route?

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Multiple Choice

Parenteral administration excludes which route?

Explanation:
Parenteral routes are those that deliver a drug without going through the gastrointestinal tract. Because oral administration requires swallowing and absorption via the GI tract (with potential first-pass metabolism in the liver), it is not considered parenteral. In contrast, routes like intravenous, intramuscular, and even inhalation bypass the GI tract and deliver the drug into systemic circulation or distant tissues directly. Therefore, the route excluded from parenteral administration is the oral route.

Parenteral routes are those that deliver a drug without going through the gastrointestinal tract. Because oral administration requires swallowing and absorption via the GI tract (with potential first-pass metabolism in the liver), it is not considered parenteral. In contrast, routes like intravenous, intramuscular, and even inhalation bypass the GI tract and deliver the drug into systemic circulation or distant tissues directly. Therefore, the route excluded from parenteral administration is the oral route.

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