Ointments are semisolid preparations intended for topical application.

• A. Gels
• B. Lotion
• C. Ointments
• D. Creams

Answer: (C)

Understanding what defines an ointment as a dosage form helps see why this statement is true. Ointments are semisolid preparations that are intended for external, topical application to the skin or mucous membranes. Their greasy, oil-based bases make them viscous and occlusive, so they stay on the surface longer and create a barrier that can help hydrate dry or thickened skin and improve drug contact time.

This distinguishes them from other topical forms. Gels are usually water-rich and jelly-like, spreading easily but drying quickly and not being as occlusive. Lotions are fluid or low-viscosity suspensions or solutions, often spreadable but less persistent on the skin. Creams are emulsions (either oil-in-water or water-in-oil) that blend properties of both oils and waters, typically less greasy and easier to wash off than ointments. In short, the defining idea is that ointments are semisolid, topical, and generally occlusive, greasy in feel, and longer-lasting on the skin.