Ethylene oxide is very toxic despite its antimicrobial activity; precautions must be taken. Which statement best reflects this?

• A. True
• B. False
• C. Cannot be determined
• D. Not applicable

Answer: (A)

Ethylene oxide is used because it effectively sterilizes sensitive devices, but it is a highly toxic, reactive alkylating agent. Its antimicrobial power comes with serious human health risks, including potential carcinogenic, mutagenic, and reproductive effects, as well as acute irritation and neurobehavioral symptoms at higher exposures. Because of these hazards, handling and using ethylene oxide require strict safety controls: closed, validated sterilization systems with adequate ventilation and gas scavenging, continuous air monitoring to keep airborne levels below occupational exposure limits, proper leak detection, thorough aeration and off-gassing before handling the products, and appropriate personal protective equipment and training for workers. This combination of effective sterilization and significant toxicity is why precautions must be taken, making the statement true.